the fashion supply chain is comprised of 4 sections
First section is Design, second section is Raw material, third section is Manufacturing and the fourth one is the Retailing.The product development team, which consists of designers, sample makers and salespersons. they meet to discuss what to design and produce and that would have an advantage of to make sure that the result would be marketable. once the ideas are agreed, the designers can use computer-aided design system to draw the design, create pattern, cut fabric, and sew up the samples.And of course, the cutting up of the fabrics and the sewing up of the samples will be done by the sample room, not the designer herself or himself. Then samples are made. Some companies may introduce the collection to potential buyers through fashion shows.
materials
SPINNING: the second section of the fashion supply chain is materials.We have several types of manufacturing processes, we have spinning, we have weaving, we have knitting, and we also have dyeing and finishing. cotton can be spun into cotton yarn like this however Many different types of materials are used in spinning. And they can be generally classified as natural, synthetic and regenerated, natural fibre includes cotton, ramie, bamboo, wool, silk, leather, fur and etc. Polyester and nylon are synthetic fibre, which are byproducts of petroleum. And there are also regenerated fibre such as viscose, rayon. industrial machines are used in the spinning mill,
WEAVING: After the cottons are spun into yarn, then the next step is to weave it into fabrics. a shuttle, which is used for the weaving, The shuttle moves horizontally and interlaces with the yarn and creates woven fabric. Woven fabrics are commonly used in making men's shirts, wedding gowns and jeans.The original design of a weaving machine is to interlace the warp yarns and weft yarns to form a fabric when the fabric is manually woven by human workers, it is very expensive.They are used in Japanese kimono and Chinese qipao. Creating the graphics on the fabric is a very complex and expensive process. It can take a master a long time and effort to disperse dye the image into points that represent the weaving pattern. Then the workers need to carefully arrange the yarns and to weave accordingly. Industrial weaving machines replace the manual method and the efficiency is much higher. To speed up weaving the graphics, punched cards are used to control the weaving pattern. Of course, nowadays we can use computerized control rather than the punched cards. In modern time, high-speed weaving machines use air to blow and carrie the yarn across the weaving bed instead of a shuttle. It is so fast that we cannot see it with our eyes.
KNITTING: in the knitting workshops yarn is used to knit fabrics, which are commonly used in sweater and t-shirts. flat knitting machines and circular knitting are used in industry, as well as the computerized knitting machines. on the flat knitting machine the needles form loops, and many loops for knitted fabric. This method is different from weaving. there are flat knitting metal panels which is similar to a weaving bed, except the yarns are looped together instead of interlacing. A piece of black weight is attached to a knitted fabric to prevent the fabric from curling.Sweaters are commonly flat knitted. However, it is very clear that flat knitting is very slow. And logically, the next step is to change the knitting motion to a circular motion.T-shirt and underwear are commonly made of circular knitted fabrics. If complicated graphics patterns are needed, computer-aided knitting machines are indispensable. In fact, these computerized knitting machines are so sophisticated that they can knit a whole garment in one single process. Finally, knitting movement can also be vertical and which is called warp knit. These warp knitting machines can produce lace and other fancy knitted fabrics.
DYING AND FINISHING
And so when the fabrics are ready, its sent to the dying and finishing section there are many processes that we can put on a fabricFor example, dyeing, printing and washing. And so we can create different effects on the fabrics. once it is done, the next part will be in the sewing process.
a dyeing machine can fix dyestuff to fabrics and give colour to the garment eventually. heat, chemical, and times are crucial factors in production and end result. Different materials require different processes and machineries to create different effects. One technique is called the screen printing, and it is very popular and easy process and technique often used to design own t-shirts. If you look at the graphics pattern on the fabric, you can see very solid image on both the right side and the wrong side. Then this fabric is not printed. It is woven with coloured yarns, and of course later on in the course, and we shall introduce another methods that can print on both sides of the fabric. Finally, for washing machines, the domestic washing machines and the industrial washing machines are very different in terms of their power and efficiency and durability.
THE GARMENT WORKSHOP
after the fabrics have been treated with dyeing and finishing, they will be transported to the factories. next is the sewing workshop, there are special types of machinery as well as pressing techniques to finish a garment. When the design is ready, we need to sew a sample so that the sales team can show them to the buyers. When your order is confirmed, the manufacturing process will start with ordering the materials, then we do cutting and sewing of the garments. Garments can be sewn by stitches or by ultrasound seaming. And there are actually many ways to treat the seams. There is a special type of decorative sewing and which is known as embroidery. embroidery machines are often used to make logos then there is the full-body press machine, which is not common to the household. It can steam the whole jacket or dress at the same time while pressing.
the last stage is the retailing process. however, a demanding question nowadays is What are you going to do with your garments that you no longer wear? Give it to others? Throw it away? a garment recycling system?
The garment to garment recycling system is a mini production line used to process post-consumer garments into sanitized recycled garments. The system uses no water, no dyeing is needed. It involves eight steps that are carried out in a 40-foot container. First, used garments are sanitized in an ozone chamber to remove micro organisms on the clothes. The used garments so then shred it into their constituent yarns and fiber particles in a fiber opening machine. Next, the shredded material is divided into clumps of fiber and impurities attached to the clumps are removed in a cleaning machine. The clumps are then carded and aligned in the same orientation and so become fiber web. The next step involves the fiber web being formed into slivers and a number of slivers being drawn together to form straightened units with improved evenness. A number of these drones slivers are fed into a high speed rotor and spun into single yarn. Two single yarns are then combined, and this double yarn is fed into a twister machine, which converts the yarn into ply yarn to enhance strength and balance torque.
Finally, either new garments are made using a whole garment knitting machine or knitted fabrics are produced by a flatbed knitting machine. The system design is compact and easily installed. The entire process takes place in a standard 40-foot container. With its anti vibration noise and dust control design, the production line minimizes noise and disruption to nearby businesses. And so is configured for operational compatibility within community spaces such as shopping malls. The process is waterless, which adds significantly to the systems environmentally friendly properties. These features mean that the system blueprint can be readily adopted by interested parties globally, such as fashion brands or retailers. The first Garment to Garment recycling system was set up in Hong Kong in 2018 and demonstrates how post-consumer garments can be recycled into clean and wearable clothes. Members of the community can view the entire process and are thus able to experience and be inspired by a novel recycling process.
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